Primary sources
http://www.ushistory.org/us/46e.asp
USHistory.org covers the majority of The Great Migration and the authors, actors, and musicians of the Harlem Renaissance. Other factors led up to the Great Migration including the brutality from hate groups and hate crimes. As well as, the North's strong economy and the industrial jobs that needed fulfilling. The numerous writers, actors, and musicians of this time were highly acclaimed and well-known throughout the country. "The Jazz Age" would not have received its name if it was not for the talented musicians that bloomed in this artistic time period. The article on this website concluded that the impact on all American culture was equally strong, white America could not look away. |
http://www.history.com/topics/harlem-renaissance
History.com encompasses the artistic minds that took place during this era. Alain Locke, a Harvard-educated former Rhodes scholar, enclosed this rejuvenation by publishing his book called, The New Negro, included a landmark of literary works by many promising young African-American writers. Locke declared that through art, "Negro life is seizing its first chances for group expression and self-determination". Harlem became that center of a "spiritual coming of age". The publishing industry, sustained by whites' fascination with the alluring world of Harlem, could not resist publishing black writers. This movement later on influenced future generations of black writers. |
http://www.biography.com/tv/classroom/harlem-renaissance#tja
Biography.com contains the beginning of the Great Migration, the environment of Harlem, the renaissance, the Jazz Age, and the end on the Harlem Renaissance. The end of the American Civil War led an era in increased education and employment opportunities for blacks. However, the South became gradually more and more economically despondent. As a result, blacks began to move to the North by the millions. Before Harlem was taken over by African Americans, the buildings were designed and specifically meant for white workers who wanted to commute into the city. Between 1900 and 1920 the number of blacks in the New York City neighborhood doubled. Several groups, such as the Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (UNIA-ACL) and the National Urban League (NUL) helped to establish a sense of community and empowerment for African-Americans across the country. As the 20's approached to an end, so did everyone's infatuation with Harlem-and the artistic and intellectual movements surrounding it. The Great Depression also crumbled the wild intensity of this era, bringing an end to the decadence and luxury that fueled encouragement of the Harlem artists and their achievements. |
immediate and long-term impacts
The Harlem Renaissance is known to be the literary and artistic movement celebrating African-American culture that took place in Harlem, New York during the 1920's and mid-1930's. Not only was African-American culture influenced by this rejuvenation but also American culture- in ways still seen today. The number one long lasting factor that was generated by this uprising was the creation of jazz. Jazz was born in the early 20th century in New Orleans, where musicians blended instrumental ragtime and vocal blues into an enthusiastic new sound. The literary aspect of this movement was led by well-educated, middle-class African Americans who depicted a new pride in the African-American experience. The authors, poets, and playwrights of this time celebrated their heritage and wrote with defiance and passion about the trials of being black in a white world. The literary pieces written during this time period are now considered classics in literature. The artistic outcomes in this renaissance were not the only aspects that evolved from this time period. Just as the burst of Harlem and its many creative aspects bloomed, the white community began to recognize African-American literature. The mainstream community began to think of black people as urban thinkers. One of the final, most influential impacts was that the Harlem Renaissance created a pathway for the Civil Rights movement that happened some 20 years later. The Harlem Renaissance expressed a segment of the social and cultural changes that swept America in the 1920's. The period was distinguished by economic prosperity, new ideas, changing values, and personal freedom, as well as important developments in art, literature, and music.
Sources
"BIO Classroom." Bio.com. A&E Networks Television, n.d. Web. 7 Jan. 2014. <http://www.biography.com/tv/classroom/harlem-renaissance#tja>.
Danzer, Gerald A., and Larry S. Krieger. "The Harlem Renaissance." The Americans: Reconstruction to the 21st century.. California ed. Evanston, IL: McDougal Littell, 2003. 452-457. Print.
"Harlem Renaissance." History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 5 Jan. 2014. <http://www.history.com/topics/harlem-renaissance>.
Minn, Michael, and Scott Johnson. "Early Years (1901 - 1924)." The Louis Armstrong Discography. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Jan. 2014. <http://michaelminn.net/armstrong/index.php?section1>.
"The Harlem Renaissance." ushistory.org. Independence Hall Association, n.d. Web. 6 Jan. 2014. <http://www.ushistory.org/us/46e.asp>.
Thomas, Rick. "The Great Migration." intimeandplace.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Jan. 2014. <http://www.intimeandplace.org/Great%20Migration/images/thereason.html>.
Danzer, Gerald A., and Larry S. Krieger. "The Harlem Renaissance." The Americans: Reconstruction to the 21st century.. California ed. Evanston, IL: McDougal Littell, 2003. 452-457. Print.
"Harlem Renaissance." History.com. A&E Television Networks, n.d. Web. 5 Jan. 2014. <http://www.history.com/topics/harlem-renaissance>.
Minn, Michael, and Scott Johnson. "Early Years (1901 - 1924)." The Louis Armstrong Discography. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Jan. 2014. <http://michaelminn.net/armstrong/index.php?section1>.
"The Harlem Renaissance." ushistory.org. Independence Hall Association, n.d. Web. 6 Jan. 2014. <http://www.ushistory.org/us/46e.asp>.
Thomas, Rick. "The Great Migration." intimeandplace.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 Jan. 2014. <http://www.intimeandplace.org/Great%20Migration/images/thereason.html>.
Created by Jillian Kinser - Julian Charter School - Date of publication: 1/7/2014 - Last edited on 1/29/2014